Quantum Random Phased Array for Physical Layer Security in Covert Communication

A quantum random phased array (QRPA) for physical layer covert communication is presented. The QRPA uses true quantum shot noise to temporally mask the beam state, eliminating the need for pre-shared random sequences. The proposed Electronic Qubit (E-Qubit) circuit consists of a microwave phase shifter coupled to a tunable quantum random number generator (tQRNG). Progressive phase offset between multiple E-Qubits produces a steerable directional beam with an adjustable probability of occurrence. The tQRNG is validated using the NIST SP 800-22 statistical test suite, verifying high-entropy randomness. Experimental results at 5.25 GHz demonstrate a tunable relative phase shift of 165.7° under varactor voltage bias control. A four-element array simulation verifies the system's beampatterns, including a directional beam that occurs 0.33% of the time. This work demonstrates that non-deterministic quantum noise can drive tunable beam switching for high-level security and advanced low probability of detection (LPD) applications.