Pioneering Ultrahigh-Speed Terahertz Communication for 6G: Challenges and Opportunities

In the context of 6G wireless communication, Terahertz (THz) technology emerges as a critical enabler for achieving ultrahigh-speed data rates, with the potential to exceed 100 gigabits per second (Gb/s). Recent advancements in THz communication have been nothing short of remarkable, with numerous reports of transceivers achieving data rates exceeding 100 Gb/s. However, the journey towards making THz communication a staple of everyday wireless connectivity presents a host of formidable challenges. A fundamental challenge unique to THz communication lies in addressing issues distinct from conventional microwave systems. Despite the inherent difficulty in generating high output power in the THz range, achieving elevated data rates demands significant received power. Fortunately, the shorter wavelengths in the THz spectrum facilitate increased antenna gain, contributing to the enhancement of received power. This underscores the vital importance of beam-steerable phased arrays. Moreover, the path to realizing data rates exceeding 100 Gb/s in wireless communication remains uncertain. Critical issues such as the realization of carrier synchronization and symbol synchronization at 100 Gb/s constitute paramount challenges. This presentation seeks to engage in a comprehensive discussion of the indispensable steps required to bring THz communication closer to practicality within the context of 6G, emphasizing the pressing technical challenges that must be surmounted.